The stress field at Soultz-sous-Forêts from focal mechanisms of induced seismic events: Cases of the wells GPK2 and GPK3
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The stress field at the EGS geothermal site of Soultz-sous-Forêts has been the subject of many studies, because it largely controls the response of the reservoir to fluid injection. The analysis of borehole logging data, especially breakouts and drilling-induced tension fractures, in the four geothermal wells define an average SHmax orientation ranging between 170° and 180° down to 5 km depth. It also reveals strong heterogeneities in several depth intervals. In this paper, the inversion of double-couple source mechanisms of seismic events induced during GPK2 and GPK3 stimulation tests is performed to retrieve the orientation and shape factor of the stress tensor, using the Slickenside Analysis Package of Michael (1984, 1987a, 1987b). The results indicate a well-determined orientation of Shmin in GPK2 and in GPK3; in GPK3 Shmin is clockwise rotated by about 10°. The stress tensor defines an uniaxial extension. The results from both methods, analysis of borehole logging data and inversion of focal mechanisms, are only slightly different; the discrepancy may be due to the larger reservoir volume covered by the focal mechanisms, which can include strong stress heterogeneities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".