Hydraulic conductivity of saturated granular soils determined using a constriction-based technique
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study presents a new semi-empirical approach for predicting the saturated hydraulic conductivity of noncohesive (granular) soils through a constriction size–based technique. For the same particle-size distribution of a granular filter material, there can be many different void distributions depending on the as-compacted density. Therefore, particle-size distribution is not unique in determining the hydraulic conductivity as proposed in numerous earlier studies. In contrast, the constriction-size distribution is unique for a given as-placed density of the material, and therefore it is a better representation of hydraulic conductivity as proposed in this study. Accordingly, the hydraulic conductivity of a granular medium can be represented by an empirical power function that has been established on the basis of 60 laboratory tests.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it