Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Factors <i>stx</i> 1, <i>stx</i> 2, and <i>eae</i> in Generic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolates from Calves in Western Canadian Cow-Calf Herds
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in 106 fecal generic Escherichia coli isolates from calves in cow-calf herds, based on either phenotype or the presence of resistance genes, and the occurrence of virulence factors stx1, stx2, and eae. Three virulence genes and 23 AMR genes for six antimicrobial families were examined using DNA hybridization and PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was tested using microbroth dilution (Sensititre, TREK Diagnostic Systems, Cleveland, OH) and the 2002 National Antimicrobial Monitoring System (NARMS) panel. The 106 isolates examined in this study were a stratified random subset from a larger study of AMR in cow-calf herds; 88.7% of the selected isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, and 89.6% of the selected isolates were positive for at least one resistance gene. At least one virulence factor was identified in 48.1% (95%CI, 37.7-58.7) of the isolates. The most common virulence gene detected was stx2 followed by eae. Neither AMR measured phenotypically nor the presence of AMR genes were associated with the presence of above Shiga-toxigenic E. coli virulence factors in this population of healthy beef calves.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it