EMG provides an earlier glimpse into the effects of cognitive distraction on brake motor response
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A driver’s ability to quickly perceive and respond to hazards is critical for traffic safety. With limited cognitive resources, any added distractions are likely to increase response times. This study analyzed the effect of two cognitive distraction tasks, 1-back and countdown, on total brake-response time and its subcomponents: perception and leg movement times (n=6). Participants sat in a stationary vehicle and responded to a light stimulus by moving their foot from the accelerator to the brake pedal as quickly as possible. Electromyography (EMG) recordings of the lower leg muscle provided earlier detection of movement onset compared to accelerator pedal motion. Performing a cognitive task was found to increase perception and total brake-response time compared to the baseline condition. There were no significant differences observed in leg movement time while performing either of the distraction tasks versus the baseline. Implications for areas of improvement and future works are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".