Sorption of NaOH and NaOC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub> on quaternary ammonium resin in a fixed‐bed adsorber
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The sorption behaviours of NaOH and NaOC6H65 on quaternary ammonium resin with functional groups of ‐NMe+4CI− (hydrophilicity) and ‐NBu+4Cl− (lipophilicity) in an aqueous fixed‐bed adsorber were investigated. The types of resins and salts, salt concentration, and operating temperature were evaluated to achieve the optimum sorption conditions. The probability distribution function of the breakthrough curve was employed to describe the sorption system. The parameters of probability distribution function, sorption rate, exchange capability, height of mass‐transfer zone and degree of saturation were also obtained. The effective exchange capacities for hydrophilic resins were found to be smaller than those for lipophilic resins. The sorption capability of NaOC6H5 in the resin was larger than that of NaOH.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".