Increased Release of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide by the Atria of Rats with Experimental Renal Failure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Indirect evidence suggests that atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion is augmented in chronic renal disease. The object of our present study is to examine the release of ANP from isolated atria obtained from chronic renal failure rats to directly determine whether ANP secretions are increased under these conditions. Experiments were conducted on male Wistar rats (200-225 g) who were subjected to 5/6 nephrectomy of sham operation. Plasma blood urea nitrogen was significantly elevated in 5/6 nephrectomized rats (65 +/- 7 vs. 16 +/- 1 mg%). Overall glomerular filtration rate was 2.36 +/- 0.06 ml/min in sham-operated animals, as opposed to 0.55 +/- 0.11 ml/min in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Fractional excretion of sodium was significantly higher in 5/6 nephrectomized rats (0.52 +/- 0.01 vs. 1.68 +/- 0.21%). Plasma ANP was 102 +/- 4 pg/ml in normal rats and 161 +/- 14 pg/ml in 5/6 nephrectomized ones. We have also measured immunoreactive ANP in the atria of normal and 5/6 nephrectomized rats. ANP content and concentration in the atria were lower in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. (652 +/- 34 vs. 515 +/- 46 ng/mg of tissue). Right atria from normal and nephrectomized animals was superfused with a modified Langendorff preparation. Spontaneous release of ANP was significantly higher from the nephrectomized rats (17.5 +/- 0.6 pg/min/mg) than from the normal rats (9.8 +/- 0.3 pg/min/mg). These results suggest that ANP may play a role in sodium homeostasis in rats with reduced renal mass.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".