The Solubility of Asphaltenes in Different Hydrocarbon Liquids
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Bitumen miscibility in low-molecular-weight hydrocarbon liquids was evaluated. The presence of toluene in bitumen–solvent blends improved bitumen miscibility and led to the delay in onset of asphaltenes precipitation due to the dipole–dipole and heteromolecular interactions. For heavy naphtha, the results showed reduced asphaltenes precipitation and enthalpy of mixing due to strong hydrogen bonding and moderate homomolecular interactions. Hexane and light naphtha systems showed higher heats of mixing and higher asphaltenes precipitation due to homomolecular interactions. The best miscibility characteristics of heavy petroleum were obtained with aromatic solvents and solvent mixtures that contained increasing composition of toluene.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it