Suicide Bombing: The Cultural Foundations of Morocco’s New Version of Martyrdom
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: This article argues that the radical Islamist conception of martyrdom in the Moroccan case, through a pre-existing fundamental receptive cultural framework, implies an articulation with maraboutic Islam. Moroccos local cultural embedding of martyrdom involves the still-working heritage of maraboutic institutions, beliefs, and practices, as well as the sway of mainstream Islam that conditions and informs the Islamist lived experience of self-sacrifice. A survey of young Moroccans’ interpretations of martyrdom demonstrates how the cultural bed already incorporates the rising Islamist cultural model of altruistic suicide. What is customarily referred to as an Islamist conception of jihad and self-sacrifice, or as a form of group indoctrination, is discovered to derive its cultural schemata from maraboutic and orthodox cultural models of martyrdom that are already culturally embedded. Martyrdom is a cluster of cultural representations that most Moroccan Muslims, akin to their co-religionists in the Islamic world, adhere to, though with some particularities firmly tied to the local cultural bed of Islam where they socialize. There is a cultural worldview at work, over and above all other factors and considerations of radicalization, that empowers the self-sacrificers and enables them to delve into Islamist suiciding projects. The survey conducted in Morocco shows that jihad, rather than being a matter of indoctrination, is part of a Moroccan popular culture of Islam; jihad and martyrdom are existing cultural schemata built into the popular imagination about how an Islamic combatant should be engaged in a fight against encroachers, intruders, and enemies of the faith.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".