Dehydration and rehydration of palygorskite and the influence of water on the nanopores
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The dehydration and rehydration processes of the clay mineral palygorskite (PFl-1) were studied by textural analysis, thermogravimetric analysis connected with mass spectrometry (TGA-MS), and 29 Si and 1 H solid-state NMR techniques. The TGA-MS results clearly reveal weight losses at maxima of 70°C, 190°C, 430°C and 860°C. PFl-1 is characterized by a micropore area of 93 m 2 /g, corresponding to a micropore volume of 47 mm 3 /g. These values are also obtained for the sample heated up to 200°C for 20 h. Further heating at 300°C produces a collapse of the structure, as shown by the almost complete loss of microporosity. The 29 Si NMR spectra of palygorskite show two main resonances at −92.0 and −97.5 ppm, attributed to one of the two pairs of equivalent Si nuclei in the basal plane. A minor resonance at −84.3 ppm is attributed to Q 2 (Si-OH) Si nuclei. The resonance at −92.0 ppm is assigned to the central Si position, while the resonance at −97.5 ppm is assigned to the edge Si sites. It is confirmed bysolid-state 29 Si and 1 H NMR that nearly complete rehydration is achieved by exposing palygorskite samples that have been partially dehydrated at 150°C and 300°C, to D 2 O or water vapor at room temperature. When the rehydration is accomplished with D 2 O, the atoms are disordered across all the protons sites.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it