An airgun array source signature model for environmental impact assessments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Environmental impact assessments for seismic surveys often include estimates of radially propagating sound levels, which are used to determine marine mammal impact zones. Sound levels may be estimated using computer-based acoustic modelling techniques but these require an accurate description of the survey source signature—arrays of airguns, in particular, have complex, highly directional source functions that depend on the array layout. To address this requirement, an airgun array source signature model has been developed for the purpose of underwater noise level prediction. The source model is based on published descriptions of the physics of airgun bubble oscillations and radiation [A. Ziolkowski, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 21, 137–161 (1970)] and includes the effects of port throttling, motion damping and bubble interactions. The output of the model is a collection of notional signatures which may be used to compute the source function of the array in any direction. Free parameters in the model have been fit to a large collection of existing airgun signature data, for airguns ranging from 5 to 185 in3. The output of the model is suitable for estimating sound levels resulting from airgun survey activity. [Work supported by NSERC.]
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".