Continuous Therapy with Nitroglycerin Impairs Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation but Does Not Cause Tolerance in Conductance Arteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We investigated in healthy humans whether continuous therapy with organic nitrates impairs conduit artery responses to nitroglycerin (GTN) as well as its effects on endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Sixteen young male volunteers were randomized to continuous treatment with either transdermal GTN (0.6 mg/h/24 hrs for 6 days) or no therapy. Endothelium-dependent (flow-mediated) dilatation (FMD) and endothelium-independent (GTN-mediated) dilatation (GMD) of the brachial artery were evaluated before randomization (session 1), after six days of transdermal GTN treatment (session 2), and three hours after withdrawal of transdermal GTN (session 3). In the GTN group, on session 1, 0.4 mg sublingual GTN increased resting brachial artery diameter from 0.40 +/- 0.03 to 0.45 +/- 0.03 cm (P < 0.01). At the time of session 2, this GTN-mediated vasodilation remained unchanged at baseline (0.47 +/- 0.04 cm), with no further significant dilatation in response to either stimulus. On session 3, three hours after patch removal, baseline brachial artery diameter and GMD returned to pretreatment values, but FMD remained blunted (session 1: 8.7 +/- 2.5; session 3: 4.1 +/- 1.7%, P < 0.05). There was no change in these variables in the control group. Our data demonstrate that continuous GTN therapy impairs endothelium-dependent vasodilation in conduit arteries yet does not induce nitrate tolerance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".