Genetic variation and differentiation of populations within the <i>Quercus affinis</i> <i>Quercus laurina</i> (Fagaceae) complex analyzed with RAPD markers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The population genetics of two hybridizing Mexican red oaks, Quercus affinis Schweid. and Quercus laurina Humb. & Bonpl., was investigated with 54 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers scored in 415 individuals from 16 populations representing the distribution area of the two species and a probable secondary hybrid zone. Genetic relationships among populations, depicted in a unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averaging (UPGMA) dendrogram, were largely incongruent with the morphological classification of populations as Q. affinis-like or Q. laurina-like that was obtained in previous studies. In contrast, the two main population clusters in the UPGMA dendrogram corresponded to the location of populations in two distinct geographical areas: southwestern and northeastern. A Mantel test confirmed a significant association between geographic and genetic distances among populations. Analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that most genetic variation is contained within populations (84%), while 10.5% (P < 0.0001) is among populations, and 5.1% (P = 0.007) is between the two morphological groups. Differentiation between the southwestern and northeastern geographical groups (as recognized by the UPGMA), was 7.8% (P < 0.0001). The incongruence between genetic and phenotypic patterns suggests that introgression of neutral markers has been considerable between the two species in the hybrid zone, while morphological differentiation has remained comparatively stable.Key words: hybridization, population genetics, Quercus, RAPD markers.
Stored with the screening record, where it is evidence for the labels above.
How this classification was reachedexpand
The three-model screen
all 5,600 screened works →All three models called this out of scope.
Population genetics of hybridizing Mexican oaks using RAPD markers.
It studies genetic differentiation and hybridization in Mexican oak populations.
Population genetics of hybridizing oaks is domain evolutionary biology.
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".