Effects of Self-Criticism and Its Relationship with Depression across Cultures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to test the cross-cultural predictions of the associations between self-criticism anddepression. The participants consisted of 642 undergraduates - 200 of them studying in Japan, and 442 of themstudying in the United States (Las Vegas: 242; Hawaii: 200). The results indicated that independentself-construal in the U.S. and Japan is negatively associated with comparative self-criticism, which bolsteredcollege students’ taking criticism personally and, in turn, contributed to a high level of depression amongparticipants. However, interdependent self-construal in Japan is positively associated with internalizedself-criticism, which bolstered college students’ taking criticism personally and, in turn, contributed to a highlevel of depression among participants. Discussion of these results and their implications is provided, followedby suggestions for future research on culture, self-criticism, the tendency to take criticism personally which leadsto high level of depression, and the interventions and implications of such research.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".