Effect of nicotine replacement and quitting smoking on circulating adhesion molecule profiles (sICAM‐1, sCD44v5, sCD44v6)
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1; sCD54), sCD44v5 and sCD44v6 are circulating adhesion molecules, with immunomodulatory potential, that have been frequently attributed diagnostic, prognostic and aetiological significance in a number of inflammatory and malignant diseases. We have previously shown that systemic concentrations of these molecules are increased significantly in tobacco smokers, but reduce to within normal levels at 12 months following successful quitting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have been able to extend these observations by measuring levels before and 4, 8, 22 and 52 weeks after smoking cessation in subjects receiving high-dose nicotine replacement therapy (25 mg of nicotine; n = 34) or placebo patches (n = 34) for 26 weeks. Smoking cessation was confirmed by regular measurement of expired-air CO levels and by plasma cotinine analysis. RESULTS: Plasma sICAM-1, sCD44v5 and sCD44v6 concentrations all declined rapidly within 4 weeks of smoking cessation (P < 0.001 for all declines). Additionally, no differences were observed between those using nicotine replacement and those who were not for sICAM-1, sCD44v5, or sCD44v6. CONCLUSIONS: The recovery in smoking-associated adhesion molecule profiles represents an almost immediate beneficial effect of smoking cessation. Nicotine replacement therapy is an effective aid to quitting and does not affect these recoveries. The elevated levels of these important risk factors in smokers (sICAM-1, sCD44v5 and sCD44v6) are linked to noxious element(s) in tobacco smoke other than nicotine or nicotine metabolites.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it