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Record W2001382118 · doi:10.1002/jat.1483

Cytotoxic effects of polychlorinated biphenyl hydroquinone metabolites in rat hepatocytes

2009· article· en· W2001382118 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of Applied Toxicology · 2009
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
TopicBioactive Compounds and Antitumor Agents
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Toronto
FundersAgency for Toxic Substances and Disease RegistryNational Institute of Environmental Health SciencesNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of Health
KeywordsGlutathioneChemistryHydroquinoneQuinoneAutoxidationOxidative stressBiochemistryMetaboliteToxicityBenzoquinoneSemiquinoneHepatocyteAntioxidantOrganic chemistryEnzyme

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants that exhibit various toxic effects in animals and exposed human populations. The molecular mechanisms of PCB toxicity have been attributed to the toxicological properties of its metabolites, such as hydroquinones, formed by cytochrome-P-450 oxidation. The effects of PCB hydroquinone metabolites towards freshly isolated rat hepatocytes were investigated. Hydroquinones can be oxidized to semiquinones and/or quinone metabolites. These metabolites can conjugate glutathione or can oxidize glutathione as a result of redox cycling. This depletes hepatocyte glutathione, which can inhibit cellular defence mechanisms, causing cell death and an increased susceptibility to oxidative stress. However in the following, glutathione-depleted hepatocytes became more resistant to the hydroquinone metabolites of PCBs. This suggested that their glutathione conjugates were toxic and that there was a third type of quinone toxicity mechanism which involved a hydrogen peroxide-accelerated autoxidation of the hydroquinones to form toxic electrophilic quinone and semiquinone-glutathione conjugates.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.017
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.044
GPT teacher head0.369
Teacher spread0.325 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it