Bibliographic record
Abstract
Edmund Phelps, winner of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Economics, has been a central figure in the development of macroeconomics since his 1961 article ‘The Golden Rule of Accumulation’ on optimal economic growth. His 1967–68 critique of the stability of the Phillips curve trade-off, together with Friedman (1968) Friedman, M. 1968. The role of monetary policy. American Economic Review, 58(1): 1–17. [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], led to the expectations-augmented Phillips curve and the natural rate hypothesis. His work on the choice-theoretic microeconomic foundations of wage, price, and employment dynamics under imperfect information, changed how economists do macroeconomics. Phelps subsequently developed natural rate models in a non-monetary, structuralist direction distinct from Friedman's monetarism and from New Classical economics, analyzing the natural rate of unemployment as a function of the real structure of the economy: real sectoral demands, factor supplies, technology, taxes, subsidies, tariffs, and real interest and exchange rates.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".