Bibliographic record
Abstract
Studies of edge-on spiral galaxies have revealed a number of cases in which kiloparsec-scale H I features extend from the disk into the halo region. We have obtained VLA CnB array 21 cm H I observations of NGC 2613, an edge-on spiral galaxy 26 Mpc away. We report that NGC 2613 is an extremely massive galaxy with a nearby companion galaxy (ESO 495-G017). We present the first H I maps and masses for this companion. We have found three high-latitude features above the plane, symmetric in projection with three below the plane in NGC 2613. All six features show a multiple velocity structure, with several "spurs," as well as a trend to lag behind the disk gas with increasing distance from the plane. The radio continuum emission shows two large extensions associated with a strong continuum source in the disk. These are the highest latitude discrete features clearly connected to a spiral galaxy yet detected in radio continuum. Moreover, two of the H I features show a strong correlation with these large continuum extensions, with the continuum arranged on the perimeter of the H I. We postulate that these features were formed by some mechanism internal to the galaxy, possibly by spatially correlated supernovae or by the action of a preexisting relativistic jet flowing through the plane of the galaxy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".