Neonatal Superficial Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this report is to determine the role of various imaging modalities, and the outcome of early intervention in neonates with high flow pial arteriovenous malformations (AVM). This report describes 4 neonates with pial AVM associated with congestive cardiac failure, and reviews previous reports. Among the 4 infants in our series, 3 underwent early surgical resection of the AVM, complete in 2 and partial in 1. One infant suffered hemorrhagic infarction postoperatively and has a mild deficit on clinical follow-up; the other 2 patients had no worsening of mild neurologic deficits after surgery, and subsequent development has been normal. The fourth infant had absent deep venous drainage and died from intracranial hemorrhage following transvenous embolization. A single vessel arteriogram in 1 infant led to underestimation of the lesion and unexpected findings at surgery. Complete angiographic study is important in planning treatment, as the vascular anatomy of the lesions may be complex. Cranial ultrasound is useful in early diagnosis, but may miss the superficial lesions. Untreated infants with pial AVM have a poor prognosis due to cardiac failure or progressive cerebral ischemia and neurologic regression. This series illustrates the benefits of complete angiographic investigation and early treatment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".