A Dynamic Sampling Framework for Multi-class Imbalanced Data
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper we present a Dynamic Sampling Framework for use with multi-class imbalanced data containing any number of classes. The framework makes use of existing sampling techniques such as RUS, ROS, and SMOTE and ties the classification algorithm into the sampling process in a wrapper like manner. In doing so the framework is able to search for a desirably sampled training set, thus eliminating the need to specify a target distribution and automatically tuning the training set distribution to the classification algorithm's learning preferences. This is important when re-sampling multi-class data where manually searching for an appropriate target distribution would be a daunting task. We test both our Dynamic Sampling approach and traditional Static Sampling using RUS, ROS, SMOTE, ROS+RUS, and SMOTE+RUS with several classification algorithms on a four class, highly imbalanced data set. We compare the results of Static Sampling and Dynamic Sampling and find that overall both techniques are able to raise Recall for the highest minority classes, but Dynamic Sampling is also able to maintain or raise Recall for the majority classes. Also, Dynamic Sampling is overall more robust and resilient, and is better able to sustain classifier Accuracy and to raise G-Mean and Minimum F-Measures.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it