Electrochemical fatigue sensor response to Ti–6 wt% Al–4 wt% V and 4130 steel
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Some of the finer details concerning electrochemical–mechanical interactions under cyclic stressing, observed by the electrochemical fatigue sensor (EFS), are reported, with emphasis on a series of ramp-and-hold cyclic tests on samples of hardened Ti–6 wt% Al–4 wt% V and 4130 steel. These tests were designed to further our understanding of the mechanisms underlying EFS response by revealing its timing and morphology, as well as any dependence on stress range, strain rate or mean stress. The EFS is an instrument that monitors an electrochemical current ('the EFS current') as a means of investigating fatigue damage in metals; specimens are fatigued in a benign electrolyte, under controlled conditions, so that their fatigue lives do not differ from those obtained in air. The results show that cyclic loading produces a cyclic EFS current with extrema located at points in the loading cycle where the strain rate is highest. Localized fatigue straining and crack-associated plasticity enhance the EFS current, producing peaks that reveal information about the timing and magnitude of plastic response on a cycle-to-cycle basis. The response depends on the cyclic variables studied in a manner that is convenient for experimentation. The EFS current reflects the superposition of two basic components: one is correlated with elastic strain and is becoming better understood; the other is directly related to plasticity. Acknowledgements We warmly thank the US Air Force and our scientific and commercial collaborators (SwRI, Matech Inc. Optim Inc. and SIMS) for their support, cooperation and stimulation. One of us (A.W.) gratefully acknowledges the award of a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship, as well as the support of the University of Pennsylvania during the preparation of this manuscript. Notes §Present address: Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Email: jian.wang@utoronto.ca ‡Email: yuanfeng_li@yahoo.com ‡Email: yuanfeng_li@yahoo.com ‖Present address: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA. Email: wangmi@engr.orst.com ¶Email: deluccia@lrsm.upenn.edu ††Email: laird@soll.usm.upenn.edu Additional informationNotes on contributorsC. Laird Footnote†† §Present address: Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Email: jian.wang@utoronto.ca ‡Email: yuanfeng_li@yahoo.com ‖Present address: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA. Email: wangmi@engr.orst.com ¶Email: deluccia@lrsm.upenn.edu ††Email: laird@soll.usm.upenn.edu
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it