Extreme longitudinal disturbances in the mesosphere and thermosphere observed with the Wind Imaging Interferometer on UARS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Extreme longitudinal disturbances in the O(1S) emission rate and horizontal winds in the mesosphere and thermosphere (90–180 km) are identified on three March days in 1994, 1996, and 1997 in the database of the Wind Imaging Interferometer (WINDII) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS). This type of disturbance has a wave structure with apparent zonal wavenumber 1 and a very long vertical wavelength. It generates longitudinal amplitudes of 70 photons cm−3 s−1 and 120 ms−1 in the O(1S) volume emission rate and winds, respectively, and is strong enough to break the structures of migrating tides in the E‐region. In the same longitudinal zone for day and night the zonal wind driven by this disturbance has the same phase, suggesting a wave with s = −1 and a very long period, but the meridional wind has opposite phases, suggesting a standing non‐migrating diurnal tide. This super disturbance has not been observed before, and fundamental questions about it await future investigation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".