Above and below-ground competition between Kura clover (<i>Trifolium ambiguum</i>) and meadow bromegrass (<i>Bromus biebersteinii</i>): A greenhouse study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum) is a perennial legume that shows potential for use in pasture mixtures in western Canada. Previous studies have shown that early growth of kura clover is reduced when grown in mixtures with grass species. A greenhouse study examined the relative importance of above- and below-ground competition on growth and development of kura clover when grown with a grass species. Kura clover plants were grown in pots with meadow bromegrass (Bromus biebersteinii) and barriers were put in place to remove all competition, shoot competition, root competition, or to allow full competition. After 12 wk, plants were harvested. Height, leaf area, leaf number, leaf dry weight, and root/crown dry weight were measured. Kura clover leaf number and leaf area were greatest when roots did not interact with meadow bromegrass roots. Vegetative biomass of kura clover doubled when there was no root competition. Shoot competition did not alter leaf number, leaf area, or leaf biomass. Successful establishment of kura clover is dependent on the reduction of root competition during the seedling phase. Measures taken to minimize the below-ground interaction should positively affect the yield potential of both species. Key words: Kura clover, meadow bromegrass, shoot competition, root competition
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".