Ar <i>K</i> X-ray production in slow, highly charged Ar <sup><i>q</i>+</sup>(<i>q</i> = 818) + Ar collisions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the present work, mechanisms of Ar K X-ray production have been investigated under low-energy Ar q+ + Ar collisions in a wide range of the ion-charge states. Ar K X-rays have been observed as a function of the collision energy over (0.753.75)q keV/u and of the charge state over q = 816 of projectile Ar q+ ions. If the L-shell vacancies become available (q = 9), Ar K X-ray yields are found to be enhanced roughly three orders of magnitude, compared with Ar 8+ ions with no L-shell vacancy; to show some threshold; and to tend to quickly saturate at higher collision energies. The present analysis, based on the energy correlation diagrams of the quasi-molecules, suggests that Ar K X-rays originate entirely from target Ar atoms through promotion via the rotational coupling between 2pσ 2pπ molecular orbitals. Furthermore, the observed cross sections are found to increase nonlinearly with the projectile Ar q+ ion charge q (q = 9). This can be understood because of the combined effects of two contributions: (i) the increased number of the L-shell vacancies of projectile Ar q+ ions and (ii) the enhanced fluorescence yields of target Ar atom. In addition, Ar K X-rays have been observed under 2.5q keV/u Ar 17+ and Ar 18+ + Ar collisions and found to originate from the decay of K-shell vacancies initially present in the projectile Ar ions through electron capture into their highly excited states, followed by cascade down to the ground states. For the first time, though very weak, the X-rays due to the two-electronone-photon transition, namely, K αα lines, have also been observed in bare Ar 18+ ion collisions. PACS Nos.: 34.70+e, 32.80Rm
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".