PEGylated Bile Acids for Use in Drug Delivery Systems: Enhanced Solubility and Bioavailability of Itraconazole
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Itraconazole is a drug of choice for the treatment of severe fungal infections and parasitic diseases, but its use is limited by its low water solubility and varying bioavailability. New self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) based on PEGylated bile acids (BA-PEGs) were designed and prepared, where the number and length of PEG arms were varied to optimize the loading of itraconazole in the final drug formulation. The use of both BA-PEGs and oleic acid improved the solubilization and absorption of the drug, which was in a glassy state in the SEDDS prepared with the melting method. High loading efficiencies of itraconazole (up to 20%) and stable liquid formulations were obtained at neutral pH, and full dispersion of itraconazole was reached in 2 h in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8). Aqueous emulsions consisting of spherical micelles with mean hydrodynamic diameters (Dh) of ca. 75-220 nm, as verified by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering, are expected to improve the intestinal absorption of the drug. The new SEDDS showed good cytocompatibility by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays of BA-PEGs with Caco-2 and RAW 264.2 cells, and a low degree of hemolysis of human erythrocytes. The SEDDS based on PEGylated bile acids provide a controlled release system with significant improvement of the bioavailability of itraconazole in rats, as demonstrated by the pharmacokinetic studies.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it