Removal of endocrine disrupting compounds using a membrane bioreactor and disinfection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) in combination with appropriate disinfection may provide sufficient wastewater treatment to produce effluent suitable for non-potable reuse. However, the ability of this technology combination to remove endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) has not been well studied. This study found that prior to disinfection a MBR removed greater than 96% of the influent cholesterol, coprostanol, and stigmastanol from municipal wastewaters compared to greater than 85% removal in a conventional treatment plant receiving the same influent. MBR effluent EDC concentrations were also lower for estrone, 17α-ethynylestradiol, and bisphenol A. Disinfection of MBR effluent with chlorine, chloramines, and chlorine dioxide provided no significant additional removal of estrone, 17β-estradiol, or 17α-ethynylestradiol but could remove 95% of added bisphenol A. Ultraviolet light at a dose appropriate for non-potable reuse did not affect removal of the target EDCs.Key words: endocrine disrupting compounds, membrane bioreactor, conventional treatment, disinfection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".