Use of diversity techniques for weak GNSS signal tracking in fading environments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This research focuses on improving the GNSS signal measurement performance in harsh multipath environments. The nature of GNSS signal propagation in typical signal impeding wireless channels such as indoors and urban environments is studied. The signal power distribution, delay spread, and Doppler spread characteristics of real GNSS signals in such environments are investigated. Based on the observations obtained from this characterization, a closed-loop tracking architecture based on spatial diversity reception is proposed. The proposed algorithm is tested on real data collected using two antennas in indoor static and urban kinematic scenarios. The carrier loop tracking, code loop tracking, and pseudorange errors are compared between single antenna reception and dual antenna spatial diversity reception for different scenarios. Results show that the proposed tracking method improves the Doppler measurement by more than 50% and pseudorange measurements by 2–5 m compared to a single antenna receiver.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".