Losartan prevents decline of cognitive function and decreases carotid intima-media thickness and pulse wave velocity along with reduction of blood pressure in elderly diabetic patients with hypertension
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study was designed to elucidate the effects of losartan, a selective angiotensin II receptor (AT1) antagonist, on cognitive function and arteriosclerosis and aortic stiffness along with its antihypertensive activity in elderly diabetic patients with hypertension. Losartan was administered once daily (25–50 mg/day) for 12 months to 11 elderly diabetic patients ( 69–84 years of age ( 74.1 ± 4.5)) with mild to moderate hypertension who gave informed consent to participate in this study, respectively. Cognitive function was measured by the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog). Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) were determined by ultrasonography using a 10-MHz linear array transducer, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and measured using the form PWV/ankle brachial index (ABI) device before and upon completion of the study. After administration of losartan, sitting systolic and diastolic blood pressures decreased significantly from 148.3 ± 9.6/85.3 ± 11.5 to 126.3 ± 10.0/76.4 ± 4.5 mmHg (p<0.01). The antihypertensive effect was well tolerated and sustained during administration. The mean value of MMSE score was not changed significantly from a pretreatment level of 24.3 ± 5.9 to 25.4 ± 4.0, but the mean value of ADAS-cog improved significantly from a pretreatment level of 14.6 ± 6.1 to 11.1 ± 4.7 (p<0.05). BaPWV decreased significantly from a pretreatment level of 1793.9± 301 to 1690.6 ± 306 cm/sec (p<0.01), and IMT of the carotid artery also decreased from 1.38 + 0.41 to 0.98 ± 0.15 mm (p<0.01). There were no significant changes in HbA1c, and no severe side effects were observed during administration. These results confirm that losartan is a safety and useful antihypertensive agent for treatment of elderly diabetic patients with hypertension, and also suggest that the long-term administration of AT1-receptor blocker treatment with losartan exerts beneficial effects on decline of cognitive function and progression arteriosclerosis in elderly diabetic patients with hypertension. Am J Hypertens (2004) 17, 181A–181A; doi: 10.1016/j.amjhyper.2004.03.476
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".