Securing Borders: Detention and Deportation in Canada. By Anna Pratt. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2005. x + 290pp. CAN$85, ISBN 07748 1154 4 hb
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The governments of Western liberal democracies are as one in their desire to keep dangers and risks at a distance from their members. This task has become more complex, first, as the phenomenon of globalization challenges state sovereignty, not least through borders that are more permeable, and, second, in the face of new forms of international terrorism. Though it is certainly not a ‘natural’ coupling, migration has been increasingly linked to security concerns. The effect is that refugees and asylum seekers in particular are the target of coercive and violent state practices directed at excluding these ‘forced migrants’ through strategies that are often hidden from citizens: detention and deportation. In Securing Borders, Anna Pratt documents the approach Canada has taken to immigration policy and refugee claimants since the Second World War and adds to a growing scholarship which takes account of the current securitization of state borders. In the...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.018 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".