Transversely isotropic constitutive properties modeling of tubular sandwich composite structures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sandwich structures have been studied extensively for planar structures; however, the use of composite tubing, manufactured by pultrusion, in a bending situation where a core material can contribute to take shear stresses, can find many applications in modern structures made of composite materials. The objective of this article is to develop analytical solutions for axial effective modulus and major Poisson’s ratio of a pultruded unidirectional composite tubing filled with a core material. In this work, the unidirectional composite tubing and its core are considered to have transversely isotropic and isotropic properties, respectively. For the validation of the results, the obtained exact analytical solutions are reduced to a case where both the materials are isotropic and compared to the existing solutions for an isotropic material filling in an isotropic tube. Further validations of our exact analytical solutions for the transversely isotropic tubing and isotropic core are carried out employing a finite element analysis of the same structure, where the results show excellent agreements between the analytical solutions and the numerical results. Finally, a parametric study is conducted to investigate the variations in the effective properties of the two-phase composite cylinder based on the variations in the skin and/or core geometries and their material properties.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".