Adsorption Behaviors of Optical Brightening Agents and Precipitated Calcium Carbonate onto Pulp Fibers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High-yield pulps (HYPs) can be used in the production of high-quality fine paper grades. In such applications, optical brightening agents (OBA) and inorganic fillers, such as precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) may be used to improve the paper properties, including optical properties, such as brightness, whiteness, opacity. In this study, some fundamental parameters regarding OBA and PCC adsorption onto pulp fibers were investigated. Results showed that OBA was preferably adsorbed onto bleached kraft pulp (BKP) fibers than onto HYP fibers when present in a mixed furnish. The OBA adsorption at a low adsorbed amount followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm for both BKP and HYP; the adsorbed OBA in a monolayer was more for the BKP than for the HYP. The PCC adsorption behaviors on the same two pulp systems, however, are different from those of OBA: the HYP had more PCC adsorption than the BKP. The results on the adsorption of PCC onto the HYP and kraft pulp fibers showed that they also followed the Langmuir kinetics very well.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".