Phospholipid-Cytochrome c Interaction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Binding of cytochrome c (cyt c) to fatty acids and acidic phospholipid membranes produces pronounced and essentially identical changes in the spectral properties of cyt c, revealing conformational changes in the protein. The exact mechanism of the interaction of fatty acids and acidic phospholipids with cyt c is unknown. Binding of cyt c to liposomes with high contents (mole fraction X > 0.7) of acidic phospholipids caused spectral changes identical to those due to binding of oleic acid. Fluorescence spectroscopy of a cyt c analog containing a Zn(2+) substituted heme moiety and brominated lipid derivatives (9,10)-dibromostearate and 1-palmitoyl-2-(9,10)-dibromo-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-glycerol demonstrated a direct contact between the fluorescent [Zn(2+)-heme] group and the brominated acyl chain. These data constitute direct evidence for interaction between an acyl chain of a membrane phospholipid and the inside of the protein containing the heme moiety and provide direct evidence for the so-called extended-lipid anchorage of cyt c to phospholipid membranes. In this mechanism, one of the phospholipid acyl chains protrudes out of the membrane and intercalates into a hydrophobic channel in cyt c while the other chain remains in the bilayer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".