An Intermediate-Temperature Ammonia Fuel Cell Using Gd-Doped Barium Cerate Electrolyte
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An intermediate-temperature solid electrolyte fuel cell has been developed that employs a proton-conducting solid electrolyte and uses ammonia directly as the hydrogen-containing fuel. Preliminary tests demonstrate that Gd-doped barium cerate is a suitable electrolyte material for a direct ammonia fuel cell operating at intermediate temperatures. When ammonia was fed directly at 700°C, a pressed electrolyte wafer with a supported platinum anode catalyst produced 50 mW power at 100 mA current. Fuel cell performance using ammonia was only marginally lower compared to pure hydrogen, and this was attributed to production of nitrogen during the ammonia cracking which dilutes the hydrogen fuel. Complete conversion of ammonia to hydrogen is possible due to the fuel cell's ability to continuously remove hydrogen from the anode chamber, as well as supply the necessary heat for the ammonia cracking reaction. Nitrogen and water are the only chemical products of the direct ammonia fuel cell utilizing a proton-conducting solid electrolyte. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".