Performance evaluation of heat pump system using R744/R161 mixture refrigerant
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As an efficient and energy conservation technology, heat pumps working with R22, which are scheduled to be phased out by Montreal Protocol, are widely used in China at present. The global deteriorating ecology environment would accelerate the phase-out time of R22 in developing countries. Therefore, as a matter of urgency, an eco-friendly substitute should be investigated in order to replace R22. Under this context, and with a consideration of the environmental protection, R744/R161 mixture refrigerant is proposed. R744/R161 mixture refrigerant?s condensation pressure is reduced and its flammability and explosivity are suppressed. A thermodynamic model is developed, and under the given working conditions, the performances of subcritical heat pump system using R744/R161 mixture of variable mass fraction are discussed and compared with those of the R22 system. The optimal mass fraction of R744/R161 is given, which corresponds to a maximal heating coefficient of performance. The simulation results show that R744/R161 mixture can work as a competitive alternative to R22 in heat pump system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".