Effect of liquid level and agitator pumping direction on turbulent blend times
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract With the impeller placed low in the tank (C/T = 1/3), turbulent blend times produced by radial‐flow and down‐pumping axial‐flow impellers generally increase slowly with increasing liquid level in shorter batches (Z/T < 1), but increase dramatically in taller batches (Z/T > 1). The turbulent blend times produced by up‐pumping axial‐flow impellers increase slowly with increasing liquid level across the entire spectrum of liquid levels that were studied (up to Z/T = 1.75). This can lead to down‐pumping blend times that are twice as long as those with up‐pumping operation. These differences can be explained by differences in the velocity field in the agitated vessel. Further, the down‐pumping mode can produce blend times in tall tanks that are comparable to those of the up‐pumping mode if the down‐pumping impeller is placed high in the batch such that its discharge flow is directed into the bulk of the liquid.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".