RECOVERY OF COPPER FROMAMASSIVE POLYMETALLIC SULPHIDE BY HIGH CONCENTRATION CHLORIDE LEACHING
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AbstractAbstractA new process for the recovery of copper and associated base metals from a polymetallic massive sulphide ore is described. The massive sulphide contains copper and especially nickel sulphide in a mineralogical form which negates both good recovery and high grades in concentrates using conventional flotation methods. Utilizing the properties of high concentration chloride brines, a hydrometallurgical flowsheet has been developed and tested whereby the recovery of all of the metals and some of the power requirements for the plant itself can be derived from the ore. The new process involves leaching of the whole ore in two stages: 1) a primary leach during which the pyrrhotite is leached with HCl assisted by MgCl2 to yield hydrogen sulphide (from which energy is produced) and 2) a ferrous chloride solution; a secondary ferric chloride/MgCl2 oxidizing leach during which the economic metals (C, Ni and Co) are solubilized. The generated primary ferrous chloride leach solution is subjected to oxidation and hydrolytic decomposition to precipitate the excess iron as hematite and regenerate the HCl lixiviant. Copper recovery is effected via ion exchange and generation of a copper sulphate electrolyte advanced to conventional electrowinning. The Ferguson Lake deposit of Starfield Resources Inc. in Nunavut, Canada, is the subject of this paper, which focuses on the leaching and copper recovery unit operations of the proposed flowsheet.On decrit un nouveau procede pour la recuperation du cuivre et des metaux de base associes d'un minerai polymetallique massif de sulfure. Le sulfure massif contient du cuivre et surtout du sulfure de nickel sous une forme mineralogique qui empeche a la fois une bonne recuperation et des teneurs elevees dans les concentres lorsqu'on utilise les methodes conventionnelles de flottation. Utilisant les proprietes de saumures de chlorure a concentration elevee, on a developpe et evalue un schema de procede d'hydrometallurgie par lequel on peut deriver, a partir du minerai, la recuperation de tous les metaux et une partie de l'energie necessaire pour l'usine meme. Le nouveau procede implique la lixiviation du minerai entier en deux etapes: 1) un lessivage primaire durant lequel la pyrrhotine est lessivee avec du HCl assiste deMgCl2 pour produire de l'acide hydrosulfurique (a partir duquel on produit de l'energie) et 2) une solution de chlorure ferreux; un lessivage oxydant secondaire de chlorure ferrique/MgCl2 lors duquel on solubilise les metaux economiques (C, Ni et Co). La solution de lessivage primaire generee de chlorure ferreux est soumise a une oxydation et une decomposition hydrolytique pour precipiter l'exces de fer en hematite et pour regenerer le lixiviat HCl. La recuperation du cuivre est effectuee via l'echange d'ions et la production d'un electrolyte de sulfate de cuivre, avancee a l'electro-obtention conventionnelle. Le depot de Ferguson Lake de Starfield Resources Inc. au Nunavut, Canada, est le sujet de cet article, lequel se concentre sur les unites d'operation de lixiviation et de recuperation du cuivre du schema de procede propose.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".