Development of Near Isogenic Lines of Wheat Carrying Different Spike Branching Genes and Their Agronomic and Spike Characters
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The branched spike introduced from T. turgidum in common wheat was controlled by two recessive genes (sb1 and sb2). The effect of specific sb on the development and spike characters can be accurately determined by using isogenic lines (NILs), which, however, were not usually available. In this study, four genotypes having different combinations of the two sb genes with a common genetic background cv. Taishan were produced by continuous backcrossing and determined by crossing and test-crossing. The four NILs included one line with branched spike, DR (sb1sb1 sb2sb2), and three lines with normal spike, SR1 (sb1sb1 Sb2Sb2), SR2 (Sb1Sb1 sb2sb2), and DD (Sb1Sb1 Sb2Sb2). These NILs were grown during two growing seasons (2008–2009 and 2009–2010) to investigate the effects of sb genes on agronomic and spike characters. The results showed that SR1 postponed significantly the days to heading and the days to anthesis, and SR2 decreased significantly grain number by reducing the fertile floret in a spike. DR not only displayed the branched spike but also had great effects on agronomic and spike characters. In DR, the days to maturate was significantly postponed, and the number of fertile floret and grain number increased in a spike, but the grain set reduced significantly. This indicated the sb combinations have different effects on the agronomic and spike characters. This research made foundation for analyses of mechanisms of branched spike formation and associated properties in hexaploid wheat in future.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".