West Nile Virus Finally Debuts in British Columbia 10 Years After Its Introduction to North America
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since its first detection in New York (1999), West Nile virus (WNv) has spread across the United States and Canada with the first activity reported in Canada in 2001. By 2004, WNv had been detected almost in every province of Canada and the contiguous regions of the United States with the exception of British Columbia (BC), this despite being detected in Alberta in 2003 and Washington as early as 2002. In August 2009, two human cases were serologically found to have WNv infection. They reported mosquito bites and had only traveled in the South and Central Okanagan areas of BC before their presentation. On the basis of clinical, laboratory, and epidemiological data, these two human cases have been confirmed as the first locally acquired WNv cases in BC. Various factors may have contributed to the 10-year delay in the spread of WNv to BC, including regional weather conditions and unique topography.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".