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Record W2002638182 · doi:10.1080/00498250500354402

<i>In silico</i>techniques for the study and prediction of xenobiotic metabolism: A review

2005· review· en· W2002638182 on OpenAlex
Sunil Kulkarni, Jiping Zhu, Scott R. Blechinger

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueXenobiotica · 2005
Typereview
Languageen
FieldChemistry
TopicAnalytical Chemistry and Chromatography
Canadian institutionsHealth Canada
Fundersnot available
KeywordsIn silicoXenobioticDrug metabolismMetabolismComputational biologyChemistryBiologyBiochemistryEnzymeGene

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Knowledge about metabolism is very important to understand the health risks posed by chemicals. The biochemical process of metabolism causes activation, inactivation, toxification, detoxification as well as changes in the physicochemical properties of a chemical. The long time consumption and high costs associated with animal tests and the challenges faced by traditional quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models in dealing with situations wherein parent chemical structures are less relevant to the ultimate effects have led to the development of in silico techniques for the prediction of xenobiotic metabolism. The strengths and limitations of some of the most commonly used in silico expert systems, and their application in studying metabolism of xenobiotic chemicals, have been reviewed. The in silico metabolism simulators possessed several distinguishing features imparted in part by the nature of knowledge rules (algorithms) encoded within them and in part by the integration of QSAR libraries and computational engines.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.965
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0020.001
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.033
GPT teacher head0.326
Teacher spread0.293 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it