Bibliographic record
Abstract
Article AbstractResidual symptoms are a common hindrance to daily life for patients with major depressive disorder. Even after antidepressant treatment has led patients to meet remission criteria, almost all patients have at least 1 symptom that remains unresolved. These symptoms can increase the risk for relapse, a chronic course, and suicide attempts. Residual symptoms are lingering symptoms that do not resolve with treatment of the depressive episode, and they should be distinguished from symptoms of comorbid psychiatric or medical conditions and medication side effects. By understanding how various antidepressants affect the 3 monoamine systems of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, clinicians can select treatments based on the most effective mechanism of action. Dual-action agents show promise for alleviating depressive symptoms that do not resolve with single-action agents. Medications that increase norepinephrine or dopamine neurotransmission may improve several common residual symptoms left after treatment with serotonin-specific agents. Treatment strategies like adjunctive therapies and dosing options are given for common residual symptoms, including sleep difficulties, sexual dysfunction, and pain. For patients to truly regain their quality of life, clinicians must target residual symptoms. (J Clin Psychiatry 2013;74:19-24) From the Department of Psychiatry and Cellular/Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Mood Disorders Research, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. This article is derived from the planning teleconference series "Depression: Managing the Full Range of Symptoms to Achieve Lasting Remission," which was held in May and June 2013 and supported by an educational grant from Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., US Region and Lundbeck. Dr Blier has received grant funding from Labopharm, Janssen, Lundbeck, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Servier, and Merck; has received speaker honoraria from Eli Lilly, Janssen, Lundbeck, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Merck; and has served as a consultant for Eli Lilly, Janssen, Lundbeck, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Takeda, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Servier, and Merck. Corresponding author: Pierre Blier, MD, PhD, Institute of Mental Health Research, 1145 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada (pierre.blier@theroyal.ca). doi:10.4088/JCP.12084su1c.04 © Copyright 2013 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".