Bibliographic record
Abstract
A two dimensional model is commonly employed in practice for the analysis of tunnelling. Such analyses are computationally cheap and are useful for assessing the sensitivity of the problem to the construction method, studying the influence of varying soil conditions, and (or) finding appropriate locations for placing measuring instruments. However, simulating the three dimensional nature of tunnelling in two dimensions requires certain simplifications, including the use of empirical parameters to represent the construction sequence. In many cases the choice of parameter values are arbitrary and often not fully explained. In addition, the modelling methods are often only applicable for undrained or fully drained soil conditions where no time-dependent behaviour is involved during tunnel construction. In this paper an alternative two dimensional approach termed the "time-based modelling method" is proposed that can simulate both the three dimensional effects at the tunnel heading and the time-dependent behaviour during construction. It is proposed that the new approach is appropriate for the analysis of tunnelling in a relatively permeable soil and, as an example, the method is applied to the analysis of a new Austrian tunnelling method (NATM) tunnelling problem in decomposed granite soil. The results are compared with field data and excellent agreement is obtained.Key words: numerical modelling, time-dependent behaviour, NATM tunnelling, decomposed granite soil.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".