Enhancement of the cycling performance of Li<sub>3</sub>V<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>/C by stabilizing the crystal structure through Zn<sup>2+</sup> doping
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A series of Li3V(2-2/3x)Zn(x)(PO4)3/C phases were synthesized by carbon thermal reduction assisted by the ball-mill process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the irregular morphology of the pristine Li3V2(PO4)3/C could be transformed to spherical upon doping with a suitable amount of zinc. The structural stability of the pristine and the Zn doped Li3V2(PO4)3/C were investigated via X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results revealed that Zn doping not only improves the stability of the VO6 octahedral structures before electrochemical cycling, but also reduces the degree of irreversible expansion of the c axis and the crystal volume upon repeated cycles. Among the Li3V(2-2/3x)Zn(x)(PO4)3/C (0 ≤x≤ 0.15) series, the sample doped with 0.05 Zn atoms per formula unit showed the best electrochemical performance. Excess Zn doping (x > 0.05) didn't result in further improvement in the electrochemical performance due to the segregation effect and the inactive nature of Zn.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".