Kinetic Studies of Reaction between Sodium Borohydride and Methanol, Water, and Their Mixtures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper reports the kinetics of hydrogen generation from the reaction between sodium borohydride and methanol, water, and their mixtures over a temperature range between −20 and +50 °C. Hydrogen generation was found to obey a first-order rate law with respect to sodium borohydride concentration for each of the four reacting mixtures of methanol, “nearly dry” methanol (2:1 water to sodium borohydride mole ratio), “wet” methanol (10:1 water to sodium borohydride ratio), and water, with activation energies of 53.0 ± 3.4, 52.3 ± 9.5, 36.1 ± 2.8, and 86.6 ± 8.0 kJ/mol, respectively. Methanolysis of sodium borohydride was shown to be a feasible method for low-temperature hydrogen generation. However, this noncatalytic reaction system exhibited large lag time and slow reaction kinetics at low temperatures. Our study indicates that the reaction system based on sodium borohydride and the nearly dry methanol can be a potential high gravimetric density hydrogen storage system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".