Nanoscale chemistry and mechanical properties of tribofilms on Al–Si alloy (A383): interaction of ZDDP, calcium detergent and molybdenum friction modifier
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The interaction of a friction modifier and a calcium phenate detergent additive, with zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates (ZDDPs) in the formation of antiwear films on A383, has been studied using synchrotron radiation and nanoindentation techniques. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy has shown that films prepared from oils containing both ZDDP and detergent, and ZDDP and molybdenum dithiocarbamate (MoDTC), are chemically similar to, but thicker than those made from oils containing only ZDDP. In addition, wear was greatly reduced in the presence of the detergent which was correlated with the basicity and the presence of the friction modifier. The phosphorus K and L edge XANES spectra show that the tribofilms are polyphosphate glasses of similar nature to those found on steel, but characterised by a shorter chain length. The sulphur K edge shows a MoS2 like film and under certain conditions, the presence of a sulphate species is detected. High resolution topographic images and mechanical properties were determined by atomic force microscopy and imaging nanoindentation. The films formed in the presence of the detergent exhibited similar mechanical responses independent of the conditions tested. The indentation modulus of the films on the Al matrix always appear much softer than the films formed on the Si grains whether or not the lubricant contains only ZDDP, or both ZDDP and MoDTC.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it