Bibliographic record
Abstract
We study the problem of economical representation of subsets of structured sets, which are sets equipped with a set cover or a family of preorders. Given a structured set U , and a language L whose expressions define subsets of U , the problem of minimum description length in L (L-MDL) is: “given a subset V of U , find a shortest string in L that defines V .” Depending on the structure and the language, the MDL-problem is in general intractable. We study the complexity of the MDL-problem for various structures and show that certain specializations are tractable. The families of focus are hierarchy, linear order, and their multidimensional extensions; these are found in the context of statistical and OLAP databases. In the case of general OLAP databases, data organization is a mixture of multidimensionality, hierarchy, and ordering, which can also be viewed naturally as a cover-structured ordered set. Efficient algorithms are provided for the MDL-problem for hierarchical and linearly ordered structures, and we prove that the multidimensional extensions are NP-complete. Finally, we illustrate the application of the theory to summarization of large result sets and (multi) query optimization for ROLAP queries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.010 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".