Molecular theory of asymmetrically charged bilayers: Preferred curvatures
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We study the preferred curvature of asymmetrically charged bilayers (as in red blood cell membranes), in which the inner layer is negatively charged while the outer one is neutral. In particular, we present a molecular theory for the computation of the relaxed-area difference ΔA0 and the spontaneous curvature C0 of the bilayer. Our approach shows how packing properties of lipids and counterion (e.g., Ca2+) valence are intertwined. We find that Ca2+ has a dramatic effect on ΔA0 and C0: For wide parameter ranges, the presence of 0.1 mM of Ca2+ ensures positive ΔA0 and C0 that are nominally negative.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it