Maintenance of androdioecy in the freshwater clam shrimp <i>Eulimnadia texana</i>: longevity of males relative to hermaphrodites
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The clam shrimp Eulimnadia texana exhibits a rare mixed mating system known as androdioecy. In this ephemeral-pond branchiopod crustacean, males coexist with hermaphrodites, which can outcross with males or self-fertilize. We provide an estimate of the longevity of males relative to hermaphrodites (1 σ), an important parameter of a model that was developed to explain the conditions under which this system would be stable. Under both optimal rearing conditions and various sex-ratio treatments, hermaphrodites from two study populations lived significantly longer than males. Since various aspects of mating have been found to be costly to males and females/hermaphrodites in other taxa, we explored this possibility as well. Hermaphrodites showed no differences in longevity when kept in groups provided with different mating opportunities. Males, however, lived significantly longer when mating opportunities were increased, a result contrary to what we had expected. Behavioral observations, however, suggested that malemale interactions may have been deleterious to males living in groups with little opportunity to mate. This was confirmed by an additional study in which individual males were maintained in the presence and absence of hermaphrodites. Under these conditions we still detected no longevity cost of mating for males.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".