Cyclin D1 polymorphism (G870A) and risk for esophageal adenocarcinoma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: To investigate individual susceptibility to gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett esophagus, and esophageal adenocarcinoma, the authors studied the frequency of the common G870A polymorphism of CCND1, which encodes cyclin D1, a key cell cycle regulatory protein. METHODS: The study population included 307 patients who were enrolled in a prospective case-control study to evaluate lifestyle risk factors and molecular alterations in gastroesophageal reflux disease (n = 126 patients), Barrett esophagus (n = 125 patients), and esophageal adenocarcinoma (n = 56 patients). A control group included 95 strictly asymptomatic individuals. Genomic DNA was extracted from cases and controls, and polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify exon 4 of CCND1. After digestion with BsrI, acrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to identify the wild type and common G870A polymorphic alleles. The frequency of alleles (G/G, G/A, A/A) was compared between cases and controls. Immunohistochemistry was used to study cyclin D1 distribution in among patients in the case group. RESULTS: Compared with the asymptomatic control group, and adjusted for age and gender, increasing frequencies were seen for the A/A genotype in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (odds ratio [OR], 2.83; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.09-7.34), Barrett esophagus (OR, 3.69; 95% CI, 1.46-9.29), and esophageal adenocarcinoma (OR, 5.99; 95% CI, 1.86-18.96). No association was seen between genotype and cyclin D1 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS: The CCND1 A/A genotype was associated with increased risk for gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett esophagus, and esophageal adenocarcinoma. The contribution of this polymorphism to susceptibility of defined stages of progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma suggested potential application in endoscopic Barrett surveillance programs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".