Early-age properties of concrete: overview of fundamental concepts and state-of-the-art research
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The long-term performance of concrete structures is affected to a large extent by the properties and behaviour of concrete at early age. However, the fundamental mechanisms affecting the early-age behaviour of concrete have not yet been fully understood. This is due to the various highly interrelated factors influencing it, and the complexity of testing techniques needed for its investigation. With modern developments in concrete technology, it has become essential to evaluate the influence of these interrelated factors and their implications for the service life of concrete structures. Thus, a more fundamental approach for investigating the early-age behaviour of concrete, along with more reliable testing techniques, is required. This paper provides a critical overview of research on the mechanisms that affect the properties of concrete and its performance at early age. It provides useful, concise and coherent information on the behaviour of concrete at early age, which should enhance the understanding of the implications of such behaviour on the service life performance of concrete structures.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it