Raman study of optical phonons in ultrathin<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">In</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">As</mml:mi><mml:mo>∕</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">In</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">P</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>single strained quantum wells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
By means of Raman scattering, photoluminescence, and x-ray diffraction experiments, we have studied a series of ultrathin $\mathrm{In}\mathrm{As}∕\mathrm{In}\mathrm{P}$ single quantum wells grown with nominal well thickness varying between one and four monolayers. The observed Raman peaks are attributed to the first InAs-confined longitudinal optical phonon. When the quantum well is thinner than three monolayers, the measured frequencies of the confined modes depart from the predictions of the standard confined-phonon model but are in good agreement with the results of ab initio calculations based on density-functional theory. This indicates that there is a significant penetration of the InAs layer vibrations in the InP barriers and that thickness fluctuations occur at a scale short enough to further shift the phonon frequencies. When the wells contain more than three monolayers, a doublet Raman structure is observed which parallels the evolution of the photoluminescence spectra from single- to multiple-peak emission. We associate this simultaneous change in Raman and photoluminescence spectra with the two- to three-dimensional growth-mode transition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".