A PARAMETRIC STUDY OF A FLASH ATOMIZED WATER JET USING A PHASE DOPPLER PARTICLE ANALYZER
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study used non-intrusive, optical-based measurement techniques in a parametric study of a flash atomized jet. The bench scale water spray was operated at pressure ratios ranging from 6.80 to 17.0 and degrees of superheat of 20-80° C. The nozzle used was an axisymmetric, converging-diverging design with a throat diameter of 0.8 mm. This broad range of parameters allowed for the evaluation of the influence of the operating conditions on the spray characteristics. Long exposure images were used in order to measure the spreading angle of the flashing jet which varied from 10 to 50°, while phase Doppler Particle analyzer measurements were used in order to measure the radial profiles of the droplet velocities and diameters. The spray produced consistent droplet mean diameters of approximately 3µm and centerline velocities from 25 to 35 m/s. The results indicate that the characteristics of a flashing spray operating at high degrees of superheat are robust with respect to changes in the operating pressure ratio.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".